The Cross Valley Kids
by Stephanie Streeter

Male Peregrin Falcon
Male of the Cross Valley Expressway Bridge pair
keeps vigil from a tree in his territory.

Certain birds have a mystique about them. The peregrine falcon is one. It commands the sky with controlled stoops of 200+ miles an hour that end with the taking of avian prey. Its dashing style and hunting prowess have long captured man’s attention. More than two thousand years ago, falconers were flying peregrines to game. It was the falconer’s bird of choice then and remains so to this day. However, one does not have to be a falconer to appreciate the peregrine. Seeing one in the wild is always a thrill for the experienced bird watcher and the novice alike.

While hawk watching at Sunrise Mountain this Fall (1999), Bill and I saw an unprecedented five peregrines pass over the lookout within a few hours. The first was cause for comment among the seasoned hawk watchers. By the time the fifth had flown by, all decorum was abandoned; usually staid adults broke into spontaneous fits of hand clapping, foot stamping and high-fiving.

1999 was a year rich in peregrine encounters for Bill and me. On June 7, 1999, we joined a small group, led by Pennsylvania Game Commission wildlife biologist, Dan Brauning, to band and examine three peregrine chicks at their nest on one of the Cross-Valley Expressway bridges in Wilkes-Barre, PA. This was the first successful nesting by the chicks’ parents. They had been observed at the bridge last year, but failed to produce young. The male of the pair is from a reintroduction project in Williamsport, PA. , while his mate hails from Vermont.

Although the peregrine falcon has been removed from the federal endangered species list, the swift flying bird is still not well established in some areas and will continue to be listed as an endangered species on a state-by-state basis, as is the case in Pennsylvania. Currently, the Commonwealth has 10 known nesting pairs of peregrines, with seven of those pairs nesting on bridges. While a bridge may strike some as an unwise nest site choice, it is not, for it provides a secure, high nesting spot overlooking water as would a more traditional cliff-face site. Man-made structures such as bridges and skyscrapers may actually increase a peregrine pair’s chance of successful nesting by affording them an environment free of avian predators such as golden eagles and great horned owls that prey on young peregrines, and by supplying them with an unlimited source of food in the form of pigeons and sparrows.

June 7th proved to be one of those blisteringly hot summer days that doesn’t usually make an appearance until August. But, the date had been set, everyone notified, and equipment secured, so we all soldiered on. As luck would have it, our designated staging area had a deer carcass hidden away in the brush nearby that engulfed us in pungent waves of putrification each time a breeze stirred. The rising temperature did nothing to lessen our olfactory discomfort.

By 10:00 A.M. it was already in the 90’s. Bill and I were concerned about the chicks over-heating as they were handled. In a bid to escape the overpowering stench, I volunteered to go in search of a spray bottle we could fill with cold water to spray on the chicks while we worked on them. I was back in plenty of time, as it was not until almost noon that everyone was in place and Dan Brauning, along with Mike Kuriga, from the Williamsport peregrine reintroduction project, were lowered first over then under the bridge in the bucket of an impressive PennDot machine. While Dan gathered up the youngsters, the adult birds flew under and over the bridge, providing those looking on with a demonstration of their prodigious flying skills. Unlike some peregrines, these birds did not strike the humans disturbing their nest. Still, we took no chances; everyone wore hardhats.

Stephie and Bill spritzing young falcon to cool it off.
A female chick gets a welcome spray of
cool water by Stephanie while Bill holds it.

The first chick we removed from the cardboard box was a female. She was still covered in a good bit of down, but pin feathers were showing through. She proved to be in excellent condition, with no sign of illness - we were especially on the lookout for evidence of trichomoniasis, a disease often carried by pigeons that can be passed on to a falcon when it eats an infected bird. We knew these youngsters had been eating pigeons because a band from a racing bird was found in their nest. The falcon’s keel (breastbone) was well-fleshed, her eyes bright and clear. No discharges were coming from her nares; her ears and vent were parasite free. Her newly emerging plumage was in excellent condition and free of feather lice. Her bones were strong, with no visible deformities. Her feet were large, denoting her sex, and armed with needle-sharp talons that would serve her well once she began hunting. All-in-all, this was a young falcon in excellent health. After her physical, we cooled her with a quick spritz of water, then turned her over to Dan for banding, weight check and the recording of her vital statistics. With that done, she was returned to a box in an air-conditioned vehicle to await her return to the nest. 

The next chick was a male. He was noticeably smaller than his sister (male peregrines are normally about one third smaller than the females) but in the same excellent condition. He seemed less aggressive than his sibling, but, judging from his nicely fleshed keel, he was assertive enough in the nest when it came time to claim his fair share of the food. The last chick was another female, the loud-mouth of the group, but in the same fine shape as her siblings, her bellyaching notwithstanding.

Stephanie and Dan banding a young falcon
Dan Brauning and Stephanie Streeter 
band one of the young falcons.

Dan Brauning, along with Bob Wasilewski, the vice president of the Greater Wyoming Valley Audubon Society, made the return trip to the nest ledge which had been enlarged by two Forest Service employees while we were working with the birds. We brought along a few quail that Dan left for the youngsters as an enticement for them to remain on the ledge. The return went smoothly, with mom and dad soon flying in to check on their off-spring. 

While Dan, Bill and I worked with the falcons, Bob Wasilewski was busy with his camera. He was photographing the day’s events to add to his record of the Cross-Valley Expressway peregrines. Bob has been watching the pair since they first appeared in downtown Wilkes-Barre in December of 1997. In 1998, he was hired by the Luzerne County Flood Protection Agency to observe the birds at their nesting site in order to determine whether or not a flood control project under the bridge was adversely affecting them. He concluded it was not. Although his job with the Flood Protection Agency lasted only three weeks, Bob continued to voluntarily monitor the falcons. He watched their failed nesting in 1998 and their successful one in 1999. He was the first to observe the female incubating eggs on Good Friday of this year and was rewarded with sight of the young on May 12th. Bob spent as much time as he could, when not teaching math at the Northwest Area H.S., monitoring the birds and kept all of us who were interested in their welfare updated via the internet. His peregrine journal was filled with detailed descriptions of the adult birds’ experiences, their confrontations with other raptors, hunting successes and the care of their chicks. He chronicled the young falcons' development so well, we felt we were watching right along with him.

His diligence in overseeing the falcons proved to be the saving of the male chick on June 18th when it prematurely fledged and landed in brush along the riverbank. Although the young falcon was able to glide to a safe landing, he was not yet capable of flying back to his nest, or to a perch off the ground and out of harm’s way. Premature fledging is often a problem with young birds. Some survive, with mom and dad feeding them on the ground until they are flying. Many others, however, fall prey to cats, dogs, wild animals, mean-spirited children (Bob saw kids throwing stones at the helpless falcon before he could get to it), cars, etc. 

With Dan’s consent, Bob brought the rescued falcon to DVRC where we examined him and gave him fluids (lactated ringers) before putting him in a flight enclosure with one of the center’s resident peregrines. He seemed none the worse for his ordeal. Judging by his feather growth, it would be only a matter of days before he was flying and could be reunited with his family. Although the young falcon was past the imprinting stage, we kept our contact with him to a minimum, with just one hand-feeding the morning following his arrival. After that, he ate readily on his own. I can only surmise that it must have been sheer bliss for him to have a delectable quail all to himself, one that did not need constant defending from two hungry, bigger sisters.

Jan and Bill feeding a young peregrin
Jan Rethorst hand feeds one of the
 peregrines while Bill Streeter holds it 
the morning after its arrival at DVRC.

June 19th turned into a repeat of the 18th for Bob. This time it was one of the females he rescued and brought to DVRC after her premature jump to a low bridge abutment that stood only a few feet above the Susquehanna River. She too, was in good condition. After her exam and tubing, she was put in the flight enclosure with her brother whose days of leisurely dining were suddenly cut short. 

Young peregrine falcon
Young peregrine falcon

Now, our concern was for the remaining youngster. We had our fingers crossed that she would remain in the nest until we could return her siblings, thereby insuring the continuation of parental duties by the adults. Thankfully, she stayed out of trouble. Within three days, the two young falcons at the center were flying well enough to be returned home. Using a bucket truck from Walt Kuharchik Construction, arranged for by Bob, Bill put the two wayward youngsters back under the bridge on June 21st. Their return went smoothly except for one anxious moment when the newly returned female rushed to the edge of the nest with wings spread to threaten Bill as he tried to ease her smaller brother on to the ledge behind her. As before, Bill left behind a few quail to entice the youngsters to stay.

Bill puts young falcon back on nest ledge
Bill Streeter puts the young falcon back
on the nest ledge beneath the bridge.

As much as we had enjoyed working with these birds, we hoped our contact with them was finally over. And so it proved to be, but not for Bob Wasilewski, intrepid falcon watcher. He had one more hair-raising moment to survive and chronicle. The female that had remained at the nest while her siblings dined on quail at DVRC, proved to be the strongest flyer. She exhibited her skills by flying up and over the bridge, finally, to Bob’s dismay, landing on the concrete wall that lines the expressway just feet from passing cars and trucks. Once again Bob sprang into action. This time he marshaled together officers from the State Police, who quickly closed the lane of traffic nearest to the falcon’s precarious perch, and personnel from the PA Game Commission, who helped him guide the bird to a safer location. Bob was definitely ready for a vacation! But, true to form, he continued to monitor the falcons, keeping us updated on their progress. His August 5th e-mail title said it all, “Finally, some peace and quiet.” His last sighting of the Cross-Valley kids was on August 1, 1999 - the youngsters were officially on their own.

**Note: This is one article that is presented in conjunction with information supplied at the Endangered Species page.